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African Billionaires 

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Alote Dankote - Nigeria

Aliko Dangote (52), the 463th richest man on the planet. Dangote’s career spans over various industries including trading in sugar, flour milling, salt processing, cement manufacturing, real estate and oil and gas. Net worth: $2.1 billion. Country: Nigeria.

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Johann Rupert

Johann Rupert (59) & family, the 421st richest person in the world. Head of his family business, Swiss luxury group Richemont, Rupert also owns Remgro, a local investment holding company. Net worth $2.3 billion. Country: South Africa.

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Mohammed Al Moudi

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 1) * Name: Mohammed Al Amoudi * Net Worth: 10 Billion * Origin: Ethiopia

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Mohammed Ibrahim

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 10) Name: Mohammed Ibrahim Net Worth: 2.1 Billion Origin: Sudan

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Naguib Sawiris

Naguib Sawiris (55), the 374th richest man in the world, heads up Orascom Telecom, one of largest mobile providers in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia. Eldest son of Onsi Sawiris (#3) and brother of Samih Sawiris (#8). Net worth: $2.5 billion. Country: Egypt.

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Nassef Sawiris

Nassef Sawiris (48), 127th wealthiest man in the world; took over leadership of Orascom’s construction and fertiliser division in 1998. Youngest son of the Sawiris (#3). Net worth: $5.9 billion. Country: Egypt.

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Nikky Oppenheimer

Nicky Oppenheimer & family (64), the 154th richest person in the world, heads of De Beers Diamond mines, the world’s largest diamond producer. Net worth: $5.0 billion. Country: South Africa. Africa’s Billionaires (No. 3)

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Onsi Sawiris

Onsi Sawiris (80), the 307th richest man in the world and self-made billionaire is the founder of Egypt’s business empire, Orascom Construction Industries. Net worth: $3.1 billion. Country: Egypt.

Technology is revolutionizing the medical field Technology is revolutionizing the medical field with the creation of robotic devices and complex imaging. Though these developments have made operations much less invasive, robotic systems have their own disadvantages that prevent them from replacing surgeons. Minimally invasive surgery is a broad concept encompassing many common procedures that existed prior to the introduction of robots, such as laparoscopic cholecystectomy or gall bladder excisions.

It refers to general procedures that avoid long cuts by entering the body through small (usually about 1cm) entry incisions, through which surgeons use long-handled instruments to operate on tissue within the body. Such operations are guided by viewing equipment (i.e. endoscope) and, therefore, do not necessarily need the use of a robot. However, it is not incorrect to say that computer-assisted and robotic surgeries are categories under minimally invasive surgery.


Both computer-assisted and robotic surgeries have similarities when it comes to preoperative planning and registration. Because a surgeon can use computer simulation to run a practice session of the robotic surgery beforehand, there is a close tie between these two categories and this may explain why some people often confuse them as interchangeable. However, their main distinctions lie in the intraoperative phase of the procedure: robotic surgeries may use a large degree of computer assistance, but computer-assisted surgeries do not use robots.

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